{"id":2254,"date":"2025-10-15T23:17:12","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T16:17:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/?p=2254"},"modified":"2026-03-24T16:31:19","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T09:31:19","slug":"tim-hieu-cookie-va-quyen-rieng-tu-tren-web","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/tim-hieu-cookie-va-quyen-rieng-tu-tren-web\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Cookie trong web hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: Vai tr\u00f2, thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi web hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u2014 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb phi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u00e1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, giao th\u1ee9c HTTP v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 <em>stateless<\/em> (kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (request) g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn server \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u201cnh\u1edb\u201d th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, cookie ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cookie l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap server v\u00e0 client trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean, l\u01b0u tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi truy c\u1eadp. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, cookie l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, m\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cookie \u2014 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i cookie th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch cookie th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n web, v\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eeba an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tim-hieu-cookie-1024x536.png\" alt=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Cookie trong web hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: Vai tr\u00f2, thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1edbi\" class=\"wp-image-2257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tim-hieu-cookie-1024x536.png 1024w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tim-hieu-cookie-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tim-hieu-cookie-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tim-hieu-cookie.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Cookie l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cookie (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 HTTP cookie, web cookie, ho\u1eb7c browser cookie) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 server g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp website. Sau khi nh\u1eadn, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eedi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i cho server trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c HTTP \u2014 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t <em>stateless<\/em>, t\u1ee9c m\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (request) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1edb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp. Nh\u1edd cookie, website c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cghi nh\u1edb\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ai, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ch\u01b0a, \u0111ang ch\u1ecdn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o trong gi\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, cookie \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990 b\u1edfi Netscape Communications, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tin phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Qua th\u1eddi gian, cookie nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a web, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, l\u01b0u t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn giao di\u1ec7n, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi truy c\u1eadp ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, cookie l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00ed nh\u1edb t\u1ea1m\u201d c\u1ee7a web \u2013 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c trang web tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n khi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"511\" src=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cookies-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"Cookie l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" class=\"wp-image-2258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cookies-la-gi.jpg 900w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cookies-la-gi-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Cookies-la-gi-768x436.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Cookies la gi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cookie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t cookie th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1eb7p name=value v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cookie. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Name \u2013 Value:<\/strong> L\u00e0 c\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a \u2013 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 <code>sessionId=abc123<\/code>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u00fap server nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Domain:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 cookie \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 <code>.example.com<\/code> ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cookie c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c subdomain c\u1ee7a trang n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Path:<\/strong> Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn trong website m\u00e0 cookie c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 <code>\/shop<\/code> th\u00ec cookie ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi k\u00e8m khi truy c\u1eadp c\u00e1c trang trong th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c <code>\/shop<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Expires \/ Max-Age:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cookie. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t, cookie s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00f3a khi \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>session cookie<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Secure:<\/strong> Khi b\u1eadt, cookie ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi qua giao th\u1ee9c HTTPS, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 tr\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>HttpOnly:<\/strong> Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp cookie t\u1eeb JavaScript, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) \u2014 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SameSite:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch cookie \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi trong c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb trang kh\u00e1c (cross-site). C\u00f3 ba ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Strict:<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 g\u1eedi cookie khi truy c\u1eadp c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t site.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lax:<\/strong> g\u1eedi cookie trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p an to\u00e0n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 click t\u1eeb link ngo\u00e0i).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>None:<\/strong> cho ph\u00e9p g\u1eedi cookie trong m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i k\u00e8m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea1m vi, t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cookie m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"955\" height=\"483\" src=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-loi-ich.jpg\" alt=\"C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cookie\" class=\"wp-image-2259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-loi-ich.jpg 955w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-loi-ich-300x152.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-loi-ich-768x388.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 955px) 100vw, 955px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cookie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i cookie gi\u00fap ta l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i cookie ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Session Cookie (Cookie phi\u00ean):<\/strong><br>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i cookie ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1edf tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t. Khi tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, cookie s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb x\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u session ID, gi\u00fap server nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u2014 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n, th\u00eam s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1n form nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Persistent Cookie (Cookie l\u01b0u l\u00e2u):<\/strong><br>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng session cookie, persistent cookie c\u00f3 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh Expires ho\u1eb7c Max-Age. Ch\u00fang v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb x\u00f3a th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. Lo\u1ea1i cookie n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 \u201cRemember Me\u201d, l\u01b0u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, theme, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n \u1edf l\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp sau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>First-party Cookie (Cookie b\u00ean th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t):<\/strong><br>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh website m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111ang truy c\u1eadp (c\u00f9ng domain). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i cookie \u201cth\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n\u201d nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a trang \u2014 v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ghi nh\u1edb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng\/t\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Third-party Cookie (Cookie b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba):<\/strong><br>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t domain kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi trang m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111ang truy c\u1eadp, th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong <strong>iframe<\/strong>, <strong>qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o<\/strong>, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u website kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0, lo\u1ea1i cookie n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i cookie mang m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau \u2014 t\u1eeb duy tr\u00ec phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, l\u01b0u t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o \u2014 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1eefa ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-la-gi-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cookie\" class=\"wp-image-2260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-la-gi-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-la-gi-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-la-gi-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-la-gi-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-la-gi-1300x731.jpg 1300w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-la-gi.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cookie (lu\u1ed3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u vai tr\u00f2 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a cookie trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, ta c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u00e0 g\u1eedi qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa client (tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 server. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong RFC 6265 \u2013 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 HTTP Cookie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Client \u2192 Server (Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u):<\/strong><br>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t website l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t HTTP request \u0111\u1ebfn server. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 cookie n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn domain \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean request \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i \u201cs\u1ea1ch\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Server \u2192 Client (T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 g\u1eedi cookie):<\/strong><br>Server nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng HTTP response. Trong ph\u1ea7n header c\u1ee7a response, server c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam d\u00f2ng:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>Set-Cookie: sessionId=abc123; Path=\/; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Lax&lt;br><\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">Set<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">Cookie<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> sessionId<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">abc123; Path<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">Lax<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">br<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00f2ng n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t l\u01b0u cookie <code>sessionId<\/code> c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111i k\u00e8m. Khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t s\u1ebd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef cookie \u0111\u00f3 theo domain v\u00e0 path \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Client (C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp theo) \u2192 Server:<\/strong><br>\u1ede nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp sau, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eedi cookie t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong header request:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>Cookie: sessionId=abc123\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">Cookie<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> sessionId<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">abc123<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cookie ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi n\u1ebfu domain, path, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (nh\u01b0 <code>Secure<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>SameSite<\/code>) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Server x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i:<\/strong><br>D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o cookie nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, server c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i phi\u00ean (session), x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c danh t\u00ednh, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 \u201cXin ch\u00e0o, Toan!\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Cookie ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i\u201d gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap HTTP \u2014 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (stateless) \u2014 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cnh\u1edb\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft logic gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m web m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"784\" src=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-hoat-dong-1024x784.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cookie (lu\u1ed3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n)\" class=\"wp-image-2256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-hoat-dong-1024x784.png 1024w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-hoat-dong-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-hoat-dong-768x588.png 768w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cookie-hoat-dong.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a cookie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cookie l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap web hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u201cc\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a\u201d v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n. D\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng cookie \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y khi ta duy\u1ec7t web. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp:<\/strong><br>Cookie gi\u00fap website l\u01b0u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1edf l\u1ea1i trang \u2014 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u201cRemember me\u201d ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u cookie ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin phi\u00ean (session token) ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng:<\/strong><br>Trong c\u00e1c trang th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, cookie gi\u00fap l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n danh s\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a thanh to\u00e1n. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi trang, gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean khi quay l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m (Personalization):<\/strong><br>Cookie l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, giao di\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng\/t\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp, website c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang theo s\u1edf th\u00edch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi (Tracking &amp; Analytics):<\/strong><br>Cookie \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u2014 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trang n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nhi\u1ec1u, th\u1eddi gian \u1edf l\u1ea1i, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Google Analytics d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o cookie \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap ch\u1ee7 website hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb l\u1ea1i (Remarketing):<\/strong><br>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a third-party cookie. Khi b\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trang, cookie do b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba (nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o) l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n gh\u00e9 th\u0103m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c \u201cqu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o b\u00e1m \u0111u\u00f4i\u201d quen thu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean Internet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cookie gi\u00fap c\u00e1c website kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kinh doanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"721\" src=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tium-hieu-cookie-1024x721.jpg\" alt=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a cookie\" class=\"wp-image-2262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tium-hieu-cookie-1024x721.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tium-hieu-cookie-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tium-hieu-cookie-768x541.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tium-hieu-cookie-1536x1082.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tium-hieu-cookie-1300x916.jpg 1300w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tium-hieu-cookie.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cookie mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ec cookie th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecbnh danh (session ID, token&#8230;) n\u00ean hacker c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cookie theft \/ Session hijacking:<\/strong><br>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp cookie ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin phi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp (session ID), sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi cookie \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (HTTP thay v\u00ec HTTPS).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cross-Site Scripting (XSS):<\/strong><br>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea1y script \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng JavaScript \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc cookie c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh <code>HttpOnly<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n JavaScript truy c\u1eadp cookie, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cookie ch\u1ee9a session token.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF):<\/strong><br>Ki\u1ec3u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eedi cookie trong c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn website. Hacker c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t request \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n&#8230;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro, c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7t <code>HttpOnly<\/code><\/strong> cho m\u1ecdi cookie ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1eb7t <code>Secure<\/code><\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 cookie ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n qua HTTPS, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nghe l\u00e9n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh <code>SameSite<\/code><\/strong> h\u1ee3p l\u00fd: <code>Strict<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>Lax<\/code> gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 CSRF.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/strong> nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, s\u1ed1 th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng trong cookie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/strong> v\u00e0 x\u00f3a session kh\u1ecfi server khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p token CSRF<\/strong> trong c\u00e1c form ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cookie l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi cookie, m\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cc\u00e0ng \u00edt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t\u201d v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"310\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bao-mat-cookie-1.jpg\" alt=\"V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0\" class=\"wp-image-2263\" style=\"width:506px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bao-mat-cookie-1.jpg 310w, https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/bao-mat-cookie-1-300x158.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a cookie trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, cookie &#8211; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 third-party cookie &#8211; \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i web h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, third-party cookie l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o ghi nh\u1eadn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u trang kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Safari, Firefox v\u00e0 Google Chrome \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf third-party cookie. Google, th\u00f4ng qua s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn Privacy Sandbox, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eb1m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thay v\u00ec theo d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, Privacy Sandbox gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay th\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Topics API:<\/strong> chia s\u1ebb nh\u00f3m s\u1edf th\u00edch thay v\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protected Audience API:<\/strong> hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 danh t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Partitioned Cookies:<\/strong> ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch cookie theo site \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Storage Access API:<\/strong> cho ph\u00e9p truy c\u1eadp cookie trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201cprivacy-first web\u201d, n\u01a1i cookie v\u1eabn quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>First-party<\/strong> v\u00e0 <strong>session cookie<\/strong> ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Third-party cookie<\/strong> \u0111ang d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n danh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, cookie kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi &#8211; n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n.nguy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng cookie v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a web hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i &#8211; \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c request r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a HTTP, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, l\u01b0u tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 cookie c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u201cprivacy-first web\u201d, cookie \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh: c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng theo d\u00f5i c\u1ee7a third-party cookie, trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i first-party cookie nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch cookie ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 <code>HttpOnly<\/code>, <code>Secure<\/code>, <code>SameSite<\/code>, v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb OWASP ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 cookie kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0 duy thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng cookie \u0111\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ta t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0, v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt &#8211; m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n web hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>[1] MDN Web Docs, \u201cHTTP cookies \u2013 Introduction, attributes, and security,\u201d <em>Mozilla Developer Network<\/em>, 2025. [Online]. Available: <a>https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/HTTP\/Cookies<\/a><br>[2] J. Kristol and L. Montulli, \u201cHTTP State Management Mechanism,\u201d <em>RFC 6265<\/em>, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Apr. 2011. [Online]. Available: <a href=\"https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc6265?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/doc\/html\/rfc6265<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cookie l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap server v\u00e0 client trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean, l\u01b0u tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0nh vi truy c\u1eadp<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2255,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowieHDDA:productID":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16,20,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin","category-an-toan-thong-tin","category-cong-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2254"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3680,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2254\/revisions\/3680"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2255"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}