{"id":1678,"date":"2025-10-01T13:42:59","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T06:42:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/?p=1678"},"modified":"2025-10-01T13:43:01","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T06:43:01","slug":"python-file-reading-hieu-va-ap-dung-tung-phuong-phap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/python-file-reading-hieu-va-ap-dung-tung-phuong-phap\/","title":{"rendered":"Python File Reading: Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc Python, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p: l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi file<\/strong>. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t file v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn d\u00f2ng log, hay x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m thanh, thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc file lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc file ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh duy nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y Python cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau \u2014 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc file trong Python v\u1eeba th\u00fa v\u1ecb, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta n\u1eafm r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u<\/strong> to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecdc file trong Python: t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 read()<\/code>, readline()<\/code>, \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng context manager with open()<\/code>, \u0111\u1ecdc file l\u1edbn theo t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n, x\u1eed l\u00fd file nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u201cbest practices\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc file trong Python<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

File tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Text file<\/strong>: ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng encoding nh\u01b0 UTF-8 ho\u1eb7c ASCII. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: .txt<\/code>, .csv<\/code>, .json<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Binary file<\/strong>: ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n (0 v\u00e0 1), kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ebfu m\u1edf b\u1eb1ng text editor. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: .jpg<\/code>, .mp3<\/code>, .exe<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Trong Python, thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc file th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0m open()<\/code>. C\u00fa ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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