{"id":1659,"date":"2025-09-30T19:56:49","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T12:56:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/?p=1659"},"modified":"2025-11-05T23:44:42","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T16:44:42","slug":"them-phan-tu-vao-dictionary-trong-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/them-phan-tu-vao-dictionary-trong-python\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u00e0o Dictionary trong Python"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Python, <strong>dictionary (t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u1eb7p <strong>key \u2013 value<\/strong>, cho ph\u00e9p m\u00ecnh truy c\u1eadp gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00f4ng qua key. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00fac m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi v\u00e0o dictionary. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u00e0o dictionary trong Python. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4i n\u00e0o&#8230;!!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Dictionary trong Python l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dictionary<\/strong> trong Python l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p key\u2013value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Key<\/strong>: ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn (immutable), v\u00ed d\u1ee5: s\u1ed1, chu\u1ed7i, tuple.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Value<\/strong>: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o (s\u1ed1, chu\u1ed7i, list, dictionary kh\u00e1c\u2026).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dictionary kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (tr\u01b0\u1edbc Python 3.7). T\u1eeb phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 3.7 tr\u1edf \u0111i, dictionary duy tr\u00ec th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># Create a simple dictionary\nstudent = {\n    \"name\": \"Alice\",\n    \"age\": 21,\n    \"major\": \"Computer Science\"\n}\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Create a simple dictionary<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">student <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Alice<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">age<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">21<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">major<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Computer Science<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>\"name\"<\/code>, <code>\"age\"<\/code>, <code>\"major\"<\/code> l\u00e0 key.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\"Alice\"<\/code>, <code>21<\/code>, <code>\"Computer Science\"<\/code> l\u00e0 value.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp (Assignment)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi v\u00e0o dictionary l\u00e0 <strong>g\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/strong> cho m\u1ed9t key.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>dictionary&#91;key&#93; = value\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">dictionary<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> value<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># Create an empty dictionary\nuser_info = {}\n\n# Add elements by assignment\nuser_info&#91;\"username\"&#93; = \"john_doe\"    # Add a string value\nuser_info&#91;\"email\"&#93; = \"john@example.com\"\nuser_info&#91;\"age\"&#93; = 30                 # Add an integer value\n\nprint(user_info)\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Create an empty dictionary<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">user_info <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Add elements by assignment<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">user_info<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">username<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">john_doe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Add a string value<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">user_info<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">john@example.com<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">user_info<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">age<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">30<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">                 <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Add an integer value<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">user_info<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>{'username': 'john_doe', 'email': 'john@example.com', 'age': 30}\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">username<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">john_doe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">john@example.com<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">age<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">30<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, dictionary <code>user_info<\/code> ban \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed7ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u00ecnh th\u00eam d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd: N\u1ebfu key \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c g\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd <strong>ghi \u0111\u00e8 (overwrite)<\/strong> gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f9ng l\u00fac b\u1eb1ng <code>update()<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c <code>update()<\/code> cho ph\u00e9p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. N\u00f3 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t dictionary kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p <code>(key, value)<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1 \u2013 d\u00f9ng dictionary:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># Existing dictionary\nstudent = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 21}\n\n# Add multiple new elements\nstudent.update({\"major\": \"Math\", \"year\": 3})\n\nprint(student)\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Existing dictionary<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">student <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Alice<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">age<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">21<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Add multiple new elements<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">student<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">update<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">({<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">major<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Math<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">})<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">student<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 21, 'major': 'Math', 'year': 3}\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Alice<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">age<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">21<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">major<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Math<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">year<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2 \u2013 d\u00f9ng list of tuples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># Another dictionary\nsettings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\n# Add multiple elements using list of tuples\nsettings.update(&#91;(\"language\", \"English\"), (\"autosave\", True)&#93;)\n\nprint(settings)\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Another dictionary<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">settings <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">theme<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">dark<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Add multiple elements using list of tuples<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">settings<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">update<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(&#91;(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">language<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">English<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">),<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">autosave<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">True<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)&#93;)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">settings<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>{'theme': 'dark', 'language': 'English', 'autosave': True}\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">theme<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">dark<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">language<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">English<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">autosave<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">True<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>So v\u1edbi g\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, <code>update()<\/code> ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n khi c\u1ea7n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <code>setdefault()<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c <code>setdefault()<\/code> v\u1eeba d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 <strong>l\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a key<\/strong>, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <strong>th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi n\u1ebfu key ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>dictionary.setdefault(key, default_value)\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">dictionary<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">setdefault<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> default_value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># Create dictionary\nprofile = {\"name\": \"Bob\"}\n\n# Add a new element using setdefault\nprofile.setdefault(\"email\", \"bob@example.com\")\n\n# Try setdefault again with an existing key\nprofile.setdefault(\"name\", \"Default Name\")\n\nprint(profile)\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Create dictionary<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">profile <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Bob<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Add a new element using setdefault<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">profile<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">setdefault<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">bob@example.com<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Try setdefault again with an existing key<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">profile<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">setdefault<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Default Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">profile<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>{'name': 'Bob', 'email': 'bob@example.com'}\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Bob<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">bob@example.com<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>\"email\"<\/code> ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>\"name\"<\/code> \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><code>setdefault()<\/code> h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o key t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ghi \u0111\u00e8 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed l\u1ed3ng nhau (Nested Dictionary)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p dictionary l\u1ed3ng nhau. Th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u00e0o dictionary con c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># Nested dictionary\nstudent = {\n    \"name\": \"Charlie\",\n    \"grades\": {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n}\n\n# Add a new subject grade inside nested dictionary\nstudent&#91;\"grades\"&#93;&#91;\"english\"&#93; = 88\n\nprint(student)\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Nested dictionary<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">student <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Charlie<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">grades<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">math<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">90<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">science<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">85<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Add a new subject grade inside nested dictionary<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">student<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">grades<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">english<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">88<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">student<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>{'name': 'Charlie', 'grades': {'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}}\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Charlie<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">grades<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">math<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">90<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">science<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">85<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">english<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">88<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u00e0o dictionary ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00e0o dictionary con <code>\"grades\"<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb danh s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd, m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o dictionary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly># List of keys and values\nkeys = &#91;\"id\", \"username\", \"email\"&#93;\nvalues = &#91;101, \"alice_wonder\", \"alice@example.com\"&#93;\n\n# Empty dictionary\nuser = {}\n\n# Add elements using loop\nfor i in range(len(keys)):\n    user[keys&#91;i&#93;] = values&#91;i&#93;\n\nprint(user)\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># List of keys and values<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">keys <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">username<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">values <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">alice_wonder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">alice@example.com<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Empty dictionary<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">user <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Add elements using loop<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> i <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">keys<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)):<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    user<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">keys<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;]<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> values<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">user<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>{'id': 101, 'username': 'alice_wonder', 'email': 'alice@example.com'}\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">username<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">alice_wonder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">alice@example.com<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng dictionary t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Key ph\u1ea3i duy nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>: N\u1ebfu th\u00eam key \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ghi \u0111\u00e8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Key ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 immutable<\/strong>: Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng list ho\u1eb7c dictionary l\u00e0m key.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o l\u00e0m value<\/strong>: t\u1eeb s\u1ed1, chu\u1ed7i, list \u0111\u1ebfn object ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb<\/strong>: Dictionary c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp nhanh nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u01a1n list, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th><th>Khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>G\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/td><td>Khi th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c ghi \u0111\u00e8 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>update()<\/code><\/td><td>Khi th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>setdefault()<\/code><\/td><td>Khi mu\u1ed1n th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/td><td>Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb list, tuple, file, ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngo\u00e0i.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nested dictionary<\/td><td>Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 dictionary cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi trong Python. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u2014 t\u1eeb g\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <code>update()<\/code>, <code>setdefault()<\/code>, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p cho t\u1edbi x\u1eed l\u00fd dictionary l\u1ed3ng nhau \u2014 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dictionary kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb API. N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Python Software Foundation. (2024). <em>Python 3.12 Documentation \u2013 Built-in Types: dict<\/em>. Truy xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb <a>https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/stdtypes.html#mapping-types-dict<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sweigart, A. (2019). <em>Automate the Boring Stuff with Python<\/em>. No Starch Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lutz, M. (2013). <em>Learning Python (5th Edition)<\/em>. O\u2019Reilly Media.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Python for Professionals: Learning Python as a Second Language: <a href=\"https:\/\/click.linksynergy.com\/link?id=*C\/UgjGtUZ8&amp;offerid=1562891.3721710002222624882405978&amp;type=15&amp;murl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kobo.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Febook%2Fpython-for-professionals-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.kobo.com\/us\/en\/ebook\/python-for-professionals-3<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Python: Deeper Insights into Machine Learning: <a href=\"https:\/\/click.linksynergy.com\/link?id=*C\/UgjGtUZ8&amp;offerid=1562891.3721710015810095319857183&amp;type=15&amp;murl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kobo.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Febook%2Fpython-deeper-insights-into-machine-learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.kobo.com\/us\/en\/ebook\/python-deeper-insights-into-machine-learning<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DataFusion Python Bindings in Practice: The Complete Guide for Developers and Engineers: <a href=\"https:\/\/click.linksynergy.com\/link?id=*C\/UgjGtUZ8&amp;offerid=1562891.3721710049093362364820452&amp;type=15&amp;murl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kobo.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Febook%2Fdatafusion-python-bindings-in-practice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.kobo.com\/us\/en\/ebook\/datafusion-python-bindings-in-practice<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Python, dictionary (t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u1eb7p key \u2013 value, cho ph\u00e9p m\u00ecnh truy c\u1eadp gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00f4ng qua key. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00fac m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi v\u00e0o dictionary. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1730,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowieHDDA:productID":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[40],"class_list":["post-1659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-lap-trinh","tag-python-co-ban"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1659","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1659"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1659\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2466,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1659\/revisions\/2466"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1730"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}