{"id":1613,"date":"2025-09-29T16:03:11","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T09:03:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/?p=1613"},"modified":"2025-09-29T20:51:48","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T13:51:48","slug":"sua-phan-tu-cua-set-trong-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/sua-phan-tu-cua-set-trong-python\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Set trong Python"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Trong Python, <code>set<\/code> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi <code>list<\/code> hay <code>tuple<\/code>, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong <code>set<\/code> <strong>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng <strong>kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 (index)<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u201cs\u1eeda\u201d m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong <code>set<\/code> tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi <code>list<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong <code>set<\/code>, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. V\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong set?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><code>set<\/code> trong Python \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean <strong>c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u0103m (hashing)<\/strong>. M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong <code>set<\/code> ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 <strong>immutable<\/strong> (kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean, chu\u1ed7i, tuple).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp <code>set[index] = value<\/code> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 <code>list<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t <strong>hashable<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong <code>set<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>my_set = {10, 20, 30}&lt;br># my_set&#91;1&#93; = 99   #  This will raise an error because set has no index&lt;br><\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">my_set <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">30<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">br<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># my_set&#91;1&#93; = 99   #  This will raise an error because set has no index&lt;br&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c &#8220;s\u1eeda&#8221; ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a <code>set<\/code> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 <strong>x\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u0169 v\u00e0 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. S\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00f3a r\u1ed3i th\u00eam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cs\u1eeda\u201d gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong <code>set<\/code> l\u00e0 <strong>lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf<\/strong> r\u1ed3i <strong>th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\n# Remove old element\nnumbers.remove(2)\n\n# Add new element\nnumbers.add(20)\n\nprint(numbers)  # Output: {1, 3, 4, 20}\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">numbers <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Remove old element<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">numbers<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">remove<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Add new element<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">numbers<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">add<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">numbers<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Output: {1, 3, 4, 20}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>remove(2)<\/code> s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ed1 <code>2<\/code> kh\u1ecfi t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>add(20)<\/code> s\u1ebd th\u00eam s\u1ed1 <code>20<\/code> v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf <code>2<\/code> b\u1eb1ng <code>20<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. D\u00f9ng discard thay v\u00ec remove<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>remove(x)<\/code> s\u1ebd b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i <code>KeyError<\/code> n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong <code>set<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>discard(x)<\/code> th\u00ec an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\n\n# Use discard (safe removal)\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")  \nfruits.add(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)  # Output: {'apple', 'cherry', 'orange'}\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">fruits <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">apple<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">banana<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">cherry<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Use discard (safe removal)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">fruits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">discard<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">banana<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">fruits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">add<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">orange<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">fruits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Output: {&#39;apple&#39;, &#39;cherry&#39;, &#39;orange&#39;}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ea7n thay c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng, <code>discard()<\/code> s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n <code>remove()<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong set<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n thay th\u1ebf <strong>nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f9ng l\u00fac<\/strong>, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p <code>difference_update()<\/code> ho\u1eb7c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: D\u00f9ng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\n# Replace 'green' with 'yellow' and 'blue' with 'purple'\nto_replace = {\"green\": \"yellow\", \"blue\": \"purple\"}\n\nfor old, new in to_replace.items():\n    if old in colors:\n        colors.remove(old)\n        colors.add(new)\n\nprint(colors)  # Output: {'red', 'yellow', 'purple'}\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">colors <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">red<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">green<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">blue<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Replace &#39;green&#39; with &#39;yellow&#39; and &#39;blue&#39; with &#39;purple&#39;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">to_replace <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">green<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">yellow<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">blue<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">purple<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> old<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> new <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> to_replace<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">():<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> old <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> colors<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">        colors<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">remove<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">old<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">        colors<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">add<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">colors<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Output: {&#39;red&#39;, &#39;yellow&#39;, &#39;purple&#39;}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: D\u00f9ng <code>difference_update<\/code> v\u00e0 <code>update<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>animals = {\"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"}\n\n# Remove multiple and add new ones\nanimals.difference_update({\"cat\", \"bird\"})  \nanimals.update({\"tiger\", \"eagle\"})\n\nprint(animals)  # Output: {'dog', 'tiger', 'eagle'}\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">animals <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">dog<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">cat<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">bird<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Remove multiple and add new ones<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">animals<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">difference_update<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">({<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">cat<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">bird<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">})<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">animals<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">update<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">({<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">tiger<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">eagle<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">})<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">animals<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># Output: {&#39;dog&#39;, &#39;tiger&#39;, &#39;eagle&#39;}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>difference_update()<\/code> d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>update()<\/code> th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi v\u00e0o set.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean (ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean) s\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong set?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N\u00ean d\u00f9ng set<\/strong> khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra membership nhanh (<code>x in set<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng set<\/strong> n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, <code>list<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>dict<\/code> s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi s\u1eeda set<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1 KeyError khi d\u00f9ng remove<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>s = {1, 2, 3}\ns.remove(5)  # \u274c KeyError because 5 is not in the set\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">s <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">remove<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># \u274c KeyError because 5 is not in the set<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/strong>: D\u00f9ng <code>discard()<\/code> thay v\u00ec <code>remove()<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2 TypeError khi th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng hashable<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>s = {1, 2, 3}\n# s.add(&#91;4, 5&#93;)   # \u274c TypeError because list is not hashable\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">s <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># s.add(&#91;4, 5&#93;)   # \u274c TypeError because list is not hashable<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/strong>: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 <code>int<\/code>, <code>str<\/code>, <code>tuple<\/code> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a <code>set<\/code>. <code>list<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>dict<\/code> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u201cs\u1eeda\u201d ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong <strong>set<\/strong> c\u1ee7a Python. V\u00ec <code>set<\/code> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean <strong>hashing<\/strong> v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed <strong>duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/strong>, n\u00ean ta <strong>kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/strong> ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed th\u00f4ng qua index nh\u01b0 <code>list<\/code>. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>X\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u0169<\/strong> b\u1eb1ng <code>remove()<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>discard()<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi<\/strong> b\u1eb1ng <code>add()<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f9ng l\u00fac b\u1eb1ng <code>update()<\/code> v\u00e0 <code>difference_update()<\/code>, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (<code>KeyError<\/code>, <code>TypeError<\/code>) v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u <strong>c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n <strong>s\u1eeda gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp theo index<\/strong>, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <code>list<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>tuple<\/code> thay v\u00ec <code>set<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef <strong>c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t<\/strong> v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tra c\u1ee9u (<code>in<\/code> operator), th\u00ec <code>set<\/code> l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a <code>set<\/code> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Python Software Foundation. <em>Built-in Types \u2014 set<\/em>. Python 3 Documentation. Truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i: <a>https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/stdtypes.html#set<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Real Python. <em>Sets in Python<\/em>. Truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i: <a>https:\/\/realpython.com\/python-sets\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>W3Schools. <em>Python Sets<\/em>. Truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i: <a>https:\/\/www.w3schools.com\/python\/python_sets.asp<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GeeksforGeeks. <em>Python Set \u2013 Methods and Operations<\/em>. Truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i: <a>https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/python-set-methods\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong Python, set l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi list hay tuple, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong set kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qua ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 (index). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":824,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowieHDDA:productID":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[40],"class_list":["post-1613","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-lap-trinh","tag-python-co-ban"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1613","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1613"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1613\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1614,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1613\/revisions\/1614"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1613"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1613"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1613"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}