{"id":1470,"date":"2025-09-27T17:41:05","date_gmt":"2025-09-27T10:41:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/?p=1470"},"modified":"2026-03-26T12:26:18","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T05:26:18","slug":"tim-hieu-functions-trong-python-khai-niem-cu-phap-va-vi-du-minh-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/tim-hieu-functions-trong-python-khai-niem-cu-phap-va-vi-du-minh-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Functions trong Python: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0ng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7: kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (Don\u2019t Repeat Yourself \u2013 DRY<\/em>). Thay v\u00ec vi\u1ebft \u0111i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, ta c\u1ea7n chia nh\u1ecf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i logic \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u1ec5 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00e0m (functions).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Python, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, xem function nh\u01b0 \u201cvi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng code, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn d\u00f2ng, functions lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap code tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng function trong Python, bao g\u1ed3m: c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, tham s\u1ed1, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1, ph\u1ea1m vi bi\u1ebfn\u2026 B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Function trong Python l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Function l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 t\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Khi c\u1ea7n, ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi t\u00ean function \u0111\u00f3 thay v\u00ec vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a function<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • T\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng code: vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Gi\u1ea3m tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p: tr\u00e1nh copy\u2013paste logic gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • D\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: s\u1eeda logic trong function \u2192 m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Chia nh\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: gi\u00fap ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    1.2. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 so s\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng function:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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