{"id":1453,"date":"2025-09-27T10:12:46","date_gmt":"2025-09-27T03:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/?p=1453"},"modified":"2026-03-25T13:50:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T06:50:28","slug":"hieu-ro-cau-lenh-if-trong-python-tu-co-ban-den-nang-cao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/hieu-ro-cau-lenh-if-trong-python-tu-co-ban-den-nang-cao\/","title":{"rendered":"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh if trong Python: T\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y: \u201cN\u1ebfu tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a th\u00ec mang \u00f4, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng th\u00ec mang k\u00ednh r\u00e2m.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong Python \u2013 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc \u2013 c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>if<\/code> \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 hay m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, b\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <code>if<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>if<\/code> trong Python. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>if<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>if<\/code> trong Python \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang (True), ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh \u0111i k\u00e8m; n\u1ebfu sai (False), ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecf qua kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>if \u0111i\u1ec1u_ki\u1ec7n:\n    kh\u1ed1i_l\u1ec7nh<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> \u0111i\u1ec1u_ki\u1ec7n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    kh\u1ed1i_l\u1ec7nh<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>\u0111i\u1ec1u_ki\u1ec7n<\/code><\/strong>: l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb True ho\u1eb7c False.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>kh\u1ed1i_l\u1ec7nh<\/code><\/strong>: l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>x = 10\nif x > 5:\n    print(\"x l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">10<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">x l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 in ra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>x l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x l\u1edbn h\u01a1n <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">5<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu <strong><code>x<\/code> <\/strong>kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng in g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>if<\/code> trong Python<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>if<\/code> \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, d\u00f9ng khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>age = 20\nif age >= 18:\n    print(\"B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe\")\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">age <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">20<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> age <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">18<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi <code>age = 20<\/code>, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n <code>age &gt;= 18<\/code> \u0111\u00fang, do \u0111\u00f3 in ra th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>if...else<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thay th\u1ebf n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>age = 16\nif age >= 18:\n    print(\"B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe\")\nelse:\n    print(\"B\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ed5i\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">age <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">16<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> age <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">18<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">else<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">B\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ed5i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi <code>age = 16<\/code>, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sai \u2192 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ed5i\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>if...elif...else<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00f9ng khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. Python s\u1ebd duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng: n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang, n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c thi kh\u1ed1i l\u1ec7nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>score = 85\n\nif score >= 90:\n    print(\"H\u1ea1ng A\")\nelif score >= 75:\n    print(\"H\u1ea1ng B\")\nelif score >= 60:\n    print(\"H\u1ea1ng C\")\nelse:\n    print(\"H\u1ea1ng D\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">score <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">85<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> score <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">90<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">H\u1ea1ng A<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">elif<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> score <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">75<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">H\u1ea1ng B<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">elif<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> score <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">60<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">H\u1ea1ng C<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">else<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">H\u1ea1ng D<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi <code>score = 85<\/code>, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ea1ng B\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4 C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>if<\/code> l\u1ed3ng nhau (nested if)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>if<\/code> b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>if<\/code> kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>year = 2024\nif year % 4 == 0:\n    if year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0:\n        print(\"N\u0103m nhu\u1eadn\")\n    else:\n        print(\"Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u0103m nhu\u1eadn\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u0103m nhu\u1eadn\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">year <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">2024<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> year <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">==<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> year <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">!=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">or<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> year <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">400<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">==<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">N\u0103m nhu\u1eadn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">else<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u0103m nhu\u1eadn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">else<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u0103m nhu\u1eadn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. To\u00e1n t\u1eed v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong <code>if<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi vi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c to\u00e1n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 To\u00e1n t\u1eed so s\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>==<\/code>: b\u1eb1ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>!=<\/code>: kh\u00e1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>&lt;<\/code>, <code>&gt;<\/code>, <code>&lt;=<\/code>, <code>&gt;=<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>x = 10\nif x == 10:\n    print(\"x b\u1eb1ng 10\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">10<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">==<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">x b\u1eb1ng 10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 To\u00e1n t\u1eed logic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>and<\/code>: c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>or<\/code>: ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>not<\/code>: ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>age = 20\nhas_license = True\n\nif age >= 18 and has_license:\n    print(\"B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">age <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">20<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">has_license <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">True<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> age <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">18<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">and<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> has_license<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e1i xe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 To\u00e1n t\u1eed membership<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>in<\/code>, <code>not in<\/code>: ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 trong chu\u1ed7i, danh s\u00e1ch, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>fruits = &#91;\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"&#93;\nif \"banana\" in fruits:\n    print(\"C\u00f3 chu\u1ed1i trong gi\u1ecf\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">fruits <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">apple<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">banana<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">cherry<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">banana<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> fruits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">C\u00f3 chu\u1ed1i trong gi\u1ecf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.4 To\u00e1n t\u1eed identity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>is<\/code>, <code>is not<\/code>: ki\u1ec3m tra hai bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>a = &#91;1, 2, 3&#93;\nb = a\nif a is b:\n    print(\"a v\u00e0 b c\u00f9ng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t list\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">a <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">b <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> a<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> a <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">a v\u00e0 b c\u00f9ng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t list<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong Python, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <code>if<\/code> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf ki\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 (int, float)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>x = 10\nif x > 5:\n    print(\"x is greater than 5\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">10<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">x is greater than 5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2. V\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i (string)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chu\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra k\u00fd t\u1ef1\/con chu\u1ed7i b\u1eb1ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed <code>in<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>name = \"Alice\"\nif name == \"Alice\":\n    print(\"Hello, Alice!\")\n\nif \"A\" in name:\n    print(\"The name contains the letter A\")\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">name <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Alice<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> name <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">==<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Alice<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Hello, Alice!<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">A<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">The name contains the letter A<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 V\u1edbi danh s\u00e1ch (list), tuple, set<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c xem ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 trong t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>fruits = &#91;\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"&#93;\n\nif len(fruits) > 0:\n    print(\"The basket is not empty\")\n\nif \"banana\" in fruits:\n    print(\"Banana is in the basket\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">fruits <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">apple<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">banana<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">cherry<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">fruits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">The basket is not empty<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">banana<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> fruits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Banana is in the basket<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4 V\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n (dictionary)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f3a (key) ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (value).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>student = {\"name\": \"Minh\", \"age\": 20}\n\nif \"name\" in student:\n    print(\"The dictionary contains a name key\")\n\nif student&#91;\"age\"&#93; >= 18:\n    print(\"The student is an adult\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">student <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Minh<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">age<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">}<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> student<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">The dictionary contains a name key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> student<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">age<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">18<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">The student is an adult<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5 V\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u boolean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u00f9ng <code>True<\/code> ho\u1eb7c <code>False<\/code> trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>is_logged_in = True\n\nif is_logged_in:\n    print(\"The user is logged in\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">is_logged_in <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">True<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> is_logged_in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">The user is logged in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.6 V\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c None<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong Python, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 <code>0<\/code>, <code>\"\"<\/code> (chu\u1ed7i r\u1ed7ng), <code>[]<\/code> (list r\u1ed7ng), <code>{}<\/code> (dict r\u1ed7ng), <code>None<\/code> \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 <code>False<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>data = []\nif not data:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n\nvalue = None\nif value is None:\n    print(\"The value is None\")\n<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">data <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">[]<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">not<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">The list is empty<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">value <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">None<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> value <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">is<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">None<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">The value is None<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <code>if<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ee5t l\u1ec1 (Indentation): Python kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c nh\u1ecdn <code>{}<\/code> nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o th\u1ee5t l\u1ec1. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 4 d\u1ea5u c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>if True:\n    print(\"True\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">True<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">True<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1ed3ng nhau qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u: N\u00ean d\u00f9ng <code>elif<\/code> thay v\u00ec <code>if<\/code> l\u1ed3ng nhau khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<br>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e1n t\u1eed logic \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>if 18 &lt;= age &lt;= 60:\n    print(\"Working age\")<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">18<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&lt;=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> age <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&lt;=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">60<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">:<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Working age<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u: Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ebft qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch ra bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh <strong><code>if<\/code><\/strong> trong Python l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <code>if<\/code> \u2013 t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao \u2013 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Python hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb ki\u1ec3m tra n\u0103m nhu\u1eadn, t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 v\u00e9, cho \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebft tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i nh\u1ecf. Khi quen d\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y <code>if<\/code> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Python Software Foundation. (2023). <em>The Python tutorial: 4. More control flow tools<\/em>. Python.org. <a>https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/tutorial\/controlflow.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>W3Schools. (2023). <em>Python if&#8230;else<\/em>. W3Schools. <a>https:\/\/www.w3schools.com\/python\/python_conditions.asp<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Real Python. (2023). <em>Conditional statements in Python<\/em>. RealPython. <a>https:\/\/realpython.com\/python-conditional-statements\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Python for Professionals: Learning Python as a Second Language: <a href=\"https:\/\/click.linksynergy.com\/link?id=*C\/UgjGtUZ8&amp;offerid=1562891.3721710002222624882405978&amp;type=15&amp;murl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kobo.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Febook%2Fpython-for-professionals-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.kobo.com\/us\/en\/ebook\/python-for-professionals-3<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Python: Deeper Insights into Machine Learning: <a href=\"https:\/\/click.linksynergy.com\/link?id=*C\/UgjGtUZ8&amp;offerid=1562891.3721710015810095319857183&amp;type=15&amp;murl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kobo.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Febook%2Fpython-deeper-insights-into-machine-learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.kobo.com\/us\/en\/ebook\/python-deeper-insights-into-machine-learning<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DataFusion Python Bindings in Practice: The Complete Guide for Developers and Engineers: <a href=\"https:\/\/click.linksynergy.com\/link?id=*C\/UgjGtUZ8&amp;offerid=1562891.3721710049093362364820452&amp;type=15&amp;murl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kobo.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Febook%2Fdatafusion-python-bindings-in-practice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.kobo.com\/us\/en\/ebook\/datafusion-python-bindings-in-practice<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh if trong Python l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3778,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowieHDDA:productID":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[40],"class_list":["post-1453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-lap-trinh","tag-python-co-ban"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1453"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3777,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1453\/revisions\/3777"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}