{"id":1445,"date":"2025-09-26T23:03:42","date_gmt":"2025-09-26T16:03:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/?p=1445"},"modified":"2026-03-25T12:44:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T05:44:17","slug":"bien-trong-python-khai-niem-phan-loai-va-vi-du-minh-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/bien-trong-python-khai-niem-phan-loai-va-vi-du-minh-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"Bi\u1ebfn trong Python: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, bi\u1ebfn (variable) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. \u1ede m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau, bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. Python \u2013 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t \u2013 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c khai b\u00e1o, g\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm r\u00f5: bi\u1ebfn trong Python l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch khai b\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m bi\u1ebfn trong Python<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng nh\u1edb, n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho bi\u1ebfn, Python t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n khai b\u00e1o ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap Python tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef dynamically typed (ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn trong Python l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb. Khi b\u1ea1n g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, Python s\u1ebd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>x = 9\nprint(id(x)) #tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (memory address)<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">9<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">))<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\">#tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (memory address)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. C\u00e1ch khai b\u00e1o v\u00e0 g\u00e1n bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>t\u00ean_bi\u1ebfn = gi\u00e1_tr\u1ecb<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">t\u00ean_bi\u1ebfn <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> gi\u00e1_tr\u1ecb<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch g\u00e1n bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>G\u00e1n m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>age = 25<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">age <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">25<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>G\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>a, b, c = 1, 2, 3<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> c <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">3<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>G\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>x = y = z = 0<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> y <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> z <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">0<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u01b0u \u00fd: gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00e1n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>x = 9\nx = \"Python\"  # b\u00e2y gi\u1edd x l\u00e0 string<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">9<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Python<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># b\u00e2y gi\u1edd x l\u00e0 string<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn trong Python<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong Python, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c (Global variable): khai b\u00e1o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi h\u00e0m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>x = 10  # bi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c\ndef show():\n    print(x)\nshow()   # In ra 10<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># bi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">show<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">():<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">show<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># In ra 10<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (Local variable): khai b\u00e1o trong h\u00e0m, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>def greet():\n    msg = \"Hello\"  # bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\n    print(msg)\ngreet()\n# print(msg)  # l\u1ed7i, v\u00ec msg ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u00e0m<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">greet<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">():<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    msg <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">Hello<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">msg<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">greet<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">()<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># print(msg)  # l\u1ed7i, v\u00ec msg ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u00e0m<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bi\u1ebfn phi c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (Nonlocal variable): d\u00f9ng trong h\u00e0m l\u1ed3ng nhau, cho ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn \u1edf h\u00e0m cha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>def outer():\n    x = \"outer\"\n    def inner():\n        nonlocal x\n        x = \"inner\"\n    inner()\n    print(x)  # In ra \"inner\"\nouter()<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">outer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">():<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">outer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">inner<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">():<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">nonlocal<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> x<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">        x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">inner<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">inner<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">()<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># In ra &quot;inner&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">outer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">()<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>_<\/code> d\u00f9ng khi kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>__name__<\/code> gi\u00fap Python x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh file \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c import l\u00e0m module.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft code d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u00ean bi\u1ebfn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi (_), kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1eef c\u00e1i, ch\u1eef s\u1ed1, d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1eef hoa \u2013 ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng (<code>Age<\/code> v\u00e0 <code>age<\/code> l\u00e0 hai bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a (keywords) c\u1ee7a Python, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: <code>for<\/code>, <code>while<\/code>, <code>class<\/code>, <code>def<\/code>, &#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2705 V\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>name<\/code>, <code>user_age<\/code>, <code>_count<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u274c V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>1user<\/code>, <code>my-name<\/code>, <code>for<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1eafn v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u1ed1:<\/strong> <code>int<\/code>, <code>float<\/code>, <code>complex<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chu\u1ed7i:<\/strong> <code>str<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Boolean:<\/strong> <code>True<\/code>, <code>False<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> <code>list<\/code>, <code>tuple<\/code>, <code>set<\/code>, <code>dict<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u immutable (kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c): <code>int<\/code>, <code>float<\/code>, <code>string<\/code>, <code>tuple<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u mutable (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i): <code>list<\/code>, <code>dict<\/code>, <code>set<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>fruits = &#91;\"apple\", \"banana\"&#93;\nfruits&#91;0&#93; = \"orange\"  # list c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">fruits <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">apple<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">banana<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">fruits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#91;<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#93;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">orange<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># list c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. X\u00f3a bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python cho ph\u00e9p x\u00f3a bi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh <code>del<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>x = 100\ndel x\nprint(x)  # L\u1ed7i: x kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">100<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">del<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> x<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># L\u1ed7i: x kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u00c9p ki\u1ec3u cho bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e9p ki\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>x = str(9)  # x s\u1ebd l\u00e0 '9'\ny = int(9)  # y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 9\nz = float(9)  # z s\u1ebd l\u00e0 9.0\nprint(x)\nprint(y)\nprint(z)<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># x s\u1ebd l\u00e0 &#39;9&#39;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">y <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 9<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">z <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">float<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># z s\u1ebd l\u00e0 9.0<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">y<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">z<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. L\u1ea5y ki\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m&nbsp;<code>type()<\/code>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ki\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>x = 9\ny = \"KienThucMo\"\nprint(type(x))\nprint(type(y))\n\n#k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\n&lt;class 'int'>\n&lt;class 'str'><\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">9<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">y <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">KienThucMo<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">type<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">))<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">type<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">y<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">))<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #616E88\">#k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&lt;class<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&lt;class<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&#39;<\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 trong Python<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, tuy nhi\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef in hoa \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>PI = 3.14159\nGRAVITY = 9.8<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">PI <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">3.14159<\/span><\/span>\n<span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">GRAVITY <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">9.8<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Sai s\u00f3t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0a g\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>print(y)  # l\u1ed7i NameError<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #88C0D0\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">y<\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># l\u1ed7i NameError<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>G\u00e1n bi\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>def = 10  # l\u1ed7i SyntaxError<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># l\u1ed7i SyntaxError<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kevinbatdorf-code-block-pro\" data-code-block-pro-font-family=\"Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono\" style=\"font-size:.875rem;font-family:Code-Pro-JetBrains-Mono,ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,monospace;line-height:1.25rem;--cbp-tab-width:2;tab-size:var(--cbp-tab-width, 2)\"><span style=\"display:block;padding:16px 0 0 16px;margin-bottom:-1px;width:100%;text-align:left;background-color:#2e3440ff\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"54\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 54 14\"><g fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\" transform=\"translate(1 1)\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FF5F56\" stroke=\"#E0443E\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"26\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#FFBD2E\" stroke=\"#DEA123\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"6\" r=\"6\" fill=\"#27C93F\" stroke=\"#1AAB29\" stroke-width=\".5\"><\/circle><\/g><\/svg><\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" style=\"color:#d8dee9ff;display:none\" aria-label=\"Copy\" class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button\"><pre class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-pre\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><textarea class=\"code-block-pro-copy-button-textarea\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" readonly>result = \"age: \" + 25  # l\u1ed7i TypeError<\/textarea><\/pre><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:24px;height:24px\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\"><path class=\"with-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m-6 9l2 2 4-4\"><\/path><path class=\"without-check\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M9 5H7a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2V7a2 2 0 00-2-2h-2M9 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M9 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><pre class=\"shiki nord\" style=\"background-color: #2e3440ff\" tabindex=\"0\"><code><span class=\"line\"><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">result <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #A3BE8C\">age: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ECEFF4\">&quot;<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #81A1C1\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #B48EAD\">25<\/span><span style=\"color: #D8DEE9FF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #616E88\"># l\u1ed7i TypeError<\/span><\/span><\/code><\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bi\u1ebfn trong Python l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm r\u00f5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e1ch khai b\u00e1o v\u00e0 g\u00e1n bi\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (mutable vs immutable).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh Python m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u bug kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Python Software Foundation. (2024). <em>The Python Tutorial: Using Python as a Calculator<\/em>. Retrieved from <a>https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/tutorial\/introduction.html#using-python-as-a-calculator<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>W3Schools. (2024). <em>Python Variables<\/em>. Retrieved from <a>https:\/\/www.w3schools.com\/python\/python_variables.asp<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Real Python. (2024). <em>Python Scope &amp; the LEGB Rule: Resolving Names in Your Code<\/em>. Retrieved from <a>https:\/\/realpython.com\/python-scope-legb-rule\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GeeksforGeeks. (2024). <em>Python Variables<\/em>. Retrieved from <a>https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/python-variables\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Python for Professionals: Learning Python as a Second Language: <a href=\"https:\/\/click.linksynergy.com\/link?id=*C\/UgjGtUZ8&amp;offerid=1562891.3721710002222624882405978&amp;type=15&amp;murl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kobo.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Febook%2Fpython-for-professionals-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.kobo.com\/us\/en\/ebook\/python-for-professionals-3<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Python: Deeper Insights into Machine Learning: <a href=\"https:\/\/click.linksynergy.com\/link?id=*C\/UgjGtUZ8&amp;offerid=1562891.3721710015810095319857183&amp;type=15&amp;murl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kobo.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Febook%2Fpython-deeper-insights-into-machine-learning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.kobo.com\/us\/en\/ebook\/python-deeper-insights-into-machine-learning<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DataFusion Python Bindings in Practice: The Complete Guide for Developers and Engineers: <a href=\"https:\/\/click.linksynergy.com\/link?id=*C\/UgjGtUZ8&amp;offerid=1562891.3721710049093362364820452&amp;type=15&amp;murl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kobo.com%2Fus%2Fen%2Febook%2Fdatafusion-python-bindings-in-practice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.kobo.com\/us\/en\/ebook\/datafusion-python-bindings-in-practice<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, bi\u1ebfn (variable) gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. \u1ede m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau, bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. Python \u2013 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t \u2013 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c khai b\u00e1o, g\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3753,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowieHDDA:productID":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[40],"class_list":["post-1445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-lap-trinh","tag-python-co-ban"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1445"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3751,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445\/revisions\/3751"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kienthucmo.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}